UNIT 3

TITTLE: 
LOOKING BACK

TOPICS:
1. PAST OF TO BE
2. SIMPLE PAST INFORMATION QUESTIONS
3. VERBS GO/GET
4. EXPRESSION "ANYWAY"

1. PAST TENSE OF TO BE

    1.1  use

The past tense of "to be" is used to join a subject with a word or words that tell something about the subject that happened in the past. We often use words such as "yesterday" or phrases such as "last week" or "last year" to indicate when something happened in the past .

1. 2 rules of formation

The verb "be" is an irregular verb. We use "was" with a singular pronoun or noun and "were" with a plural pronoun or noun. An exception to this is the pronoun "you" which always uses "were".

SUSTANTIVO/SUBJECT	VERB TO BE IN PRESENT TENSE	VERB TO BE IN PAST TENSE
I	AM	WAS
HE	IS
SHE
IT
YOU	ARE	WERE
WE
THEY

Recordemos también que el verbo TO BE significa SER o ESTAR

Entonces si digo 

I AM A TEACHER:  Yo soy una profesora

I WAS A TEACHER: Yo FUI una profesora

I AM IN CLASS TODAY: Yo estoy en clase hoy

I WAS IN CLASS YESTERDAY: Yo estuve en clase ayer

THEY ARE GOOD FRIENDS:  Ellos SON buenos amigos

THEY WERE GOOD FRIENDS: Ellos FUERON buenos amigos

1.3 AFFRIMATIVE, NEGATIVE, INTERROGATIVE  SENTENCES

Miremos la forma de construir oraciones Afirmativas, Negativas (con y sin contracciones), interrogativas y Respuestas cortas:

To Be - Affirmative

Subject	To Be	Examples
I	was	I was tired this morning.
You	were	You were very good.
He	was	He was the best in his class.
She	was	She was late for work.
It	was	It was a sunny day.
We	were	We were at home.
You	were	You were on holiday.
They	were	They were happy with their test results.

To Be - Negative Sentences

The negative of To Be can be made by adding not after the verb (was or were).

Subject	To Be	Examples
I	was not	I was not tired this morning.
You	were not	You were not crazy.
He	was not	He was not married.
She	was not	She was not famous.
It	was not	It was not hot yesterday.
We	were not	We were not invited.
You	were not	You were not at the party.
They	were not	They were not friends.

To Be - Negative Contractions

The can make negative contractions of the verb To Be in the Past tense by joining the verb (was or were) and n't (e.g. were not = weren't). We don't make a contraction of the subject and the verb (e.g. I was).

I was not tired this morning.	OR	I wasn't tired this morning.
You were not crazy.	OR	You weren't crazy.
He was not married.	OR	He wasn't married.
She was not famous.	OR	She wasn't famous.
It was not hot yesterday.	OR	It wasn't hot yesterday.
We were not invited.	OR	We weren't invited.
You were not at the party.	OR	You weren't at the party.
They were not friends.	OR	They weren't friends.

To Be - Questions

To create questions with To Be, you put the Verb before the Subject.

Affirmative	Question
I was late	Was I late?
You were sick.	Were you sick?
He was surprised.	Was he surprised?
She was from Italy.	Was she from Italy?
It was a big house.	Was it a big house?
We were ready.	Were we ready?
You were early.	Were you early?
They were busy.	Were they busy?

Recuerden que para hacer preguntas negativas(No estabas ayer en la fiesta?) deben agregar la palabra NOT al TO BE, Pero el orden No cambia:
Examples: 
WASN'T  she beautifull?
WASN'T it a beatiful weading?
WEREN'T they happy?
WEREN'T you ate the party yesterday?

To Be - Short Answers

In spoken English, we usually give short answers in response to questions.

Was he from Japan? - Yes, he was (from Japan). The last part (from Japan) is not necessary. We use shorts answers to avoid repetition, when the meaning is clear.

Question	Short Answers**	Short Answers
Was I late?	Yes, you were.	No, you weren't.
Were you sick?	Yes, I was.	No, I wasn't.
Was he surprised?	Yes, he was.	No, he wasn't.
Was she from Italy?	Yes, she was.	No, she wasn't.
Was it a big house?	Yes, it was.	No, it wasn't.
Were we ready?	Yes, we were.	No, we weren't.
Were you early?	Yes, we were.	No, we weren't.
Were they busy?	Yes, they were.	No, they weren't.

** With To Be, We don't use contractions in affirmative short answers.

Adapted from: http://www.grammar.cl/Past/To_Be.htm


Look at these examples

Past time expressions	Expresiones de tiempo pasado
Last year Last month Last week One year ago Two weeks ago Last Friday Last Weekend Yesterday	El año pasado El mes pasado La semana pasada Hace un año Hace dos semanas El viernes pasado La semana pasada Ayer

Examples:

I WAS in Japan LAST YEAR

She WENT to her grandma's house LAST WEEK

She studied French TWO YEARS AGO

Recuerden que las expresiones de tiempo. Al igual que en el tiempo presente simple, van AL FINAL DE LA ORACIÓN

1.4 CONVERSATIONS

1.4  VIDEOS

los invito a escuchar esta hermosa canción DE CELINE DIONE. TODA ESTÁ ESCRITA EN TIEMPO PASADO, tiene verbos regulares e irregulares.Les dejo la canción con subtitulos en INGLES_ESPAÑOL,

2. SIMPLE PAST INFORMATION QUESTIONS

Miren el siguiente cuadro y noten COMO TODAS LAS INTEROGACIONES tienen la misma estructura. Recuerdan???  Solo que cuando el verbo de la oración es el TO BE, éste ocupa el lugar del AUXILIAR Y NO del verbo.

WH WORD	AUXILIARY	SUBJECT	VERB	COMPLEMENT
How	Was	Your vacation?
Where	Were	You		exactly?
How long	Were	You		There?
What	Was	The weather		Like?
NOTEN QUE: Cuando el verbo ppal de la oración es el TO BE, éste ocupa el lugar del auxiliar y normalmente NO HAY otro verbo. Pues el TO BE es un verbo AUXILIAR, por lo tanto en la oración interrogativa o negativa  NO NECESITA el auxiliar DID, como si lo necesitan los demás verbos que no son auxiliares (play, work, walk, listen, sing, see, etc)
where	did	you	go	Yesterday?
Who	Did	You	Go	With?
Cuando la oración tiene una preposición al inicio. Esta se escribe al final de la pregunta
When	Did	You	Get back?
What	Did	You	Do?

3. SOME USES OF  GO AND GET

Go	Get
Actividades de tiempo libre Go hiking Go swimming Go camping Ho jogging Go shopping Go dancing Otros Go on a trip Go to see a band Go home (Ir a casa)	Como conseguir Get a video camera Get an autograph Con adjetivos Get lost (perderse) Get sick (enfermarse) Get scared (asustarse) Otros Get a sunburn (quemarse del sol) Get along with (Irla bien con..) Get home (Llegar a casa)

ACTIVITY: Match the memories (text) with the pictures

4. EXPRESSION "ANYWAY"

Podemos usar la expresión ANYWAY para cambiar el tema de la conversación o para terminar la conversación.

Miremos un ejemplo en esta conversación.